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"Guinea has a tropical climate with two alternating seasons, a November–March dry season and an April–October rainy season. In general, rainfall increases from north to south. Average annual rainfall is 1,988 mm. Rice is the staple crop, and other i…
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"Kenya is an ecologically diverse nation located on the Indian Ocean in eastern Africa. Most of the land is classified as arid or semi-arid, yet at higher elevations lush montane forests are found. Kenya is home to the second-highest peak in Africa,…
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"Lesotho lies on the plateau of the southern African subcontinent. Variations in topography and micro-climate shape the country’s ecological zones—the lowlands, the foothills, the highlands, and the Senqu River Valley. Annual precipitation is highly…
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"Agricultural production in Liberia is based primarily on rainfed farming, with an April–November rainy season. Rice and cassava are the first and second staple food crops, while rubber is the major cash crop. Life expectancy increased slightly betw…
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"Madagascar is an island in the southwestern Indian Ocean off the coast of Mozambique. The topography of the country is varied and uneven, with some regions dominated by plains and plateaus extending into vast delta areas. Only about 5 percent of th…
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"Malawi’s tropical continental climate is moderated by the effects of Lake Malawi and by the country’s high altitudes and proximity to the influence of westerly frontal systems that move eastward around the South African coast. The mean annual rainf…
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"Three-fourths of Niger is covered by the Sahara desert. The rainy season lasts only three months, with total rainfall of 150–600 mm per year. Maximum temperatures are high (450C in the shade in April–May). Livestock production is a major component …
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"About half of the working population in Nigeria is engaged in agriculture. Cassava is the most important food crop. Other major food crops include yam, sorghum, and maize. The share that agriculture contributes to GDP has declined from about 50 per…
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"The agricultural sector employs 77 percent of Senegal’s workforce. Rice is the country’s staple crop, but millet is the most widely grown crop, largely because of low rainfall in most of the country. The severe drought in the late 1960's and early …
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"Agriculture is the largest sector in the Sierra Leone economy, em-ploying more than 75 percent of labor force and contributing be-tween 35 and 47 percent of GDP. Rice, the staple food crop, is grown mainly by small-scale farmers under rainfed condi…
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"There is an ongoing debate about the sustainability of South African communal rangelands as old views on overgrazing and degradation are being widely challenged.This case study titled Grazing management and sustainability in a land reform pilot pr…
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"Mozambique’s diverse climate is influenced by monsoons from the Indian Ocean and the hot current of the Mozambique Canal. The country’s location makes it particularly vulnerability to climatic hazards such as drought, floods, and recurring tropical…
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"The Rwandan economy is based on rainfed agriculture, with coffee and tea as major cash crops. The key staple crops are bananas, beans, potatoes, sorghum, and cassava. Between 1991 and 2002, the rate of urbanization grew from 5.5 to 16.7 percent, a …
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"Sudan’s economy relies mainly on rainfed agriculture. Key cereal crops are sorghum, millet, and wheat. Livestock numbers are estimated at more than 140 million cattle, sheep, goats, and camels. Sudan’s population is about 39 million, with annual gr…
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"Swaziland's climate is moderate, near-temperate, subtropical, and semiarid. The climate is localized, varying over short distances with changes in altitude. Swaziland is a middle-income developing country, with per capita GDP of $1,560. Most people…
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"The climate of South Africa is unique, with a steep rainfall gradient from West to East, as well as three different rainfall regimes. Some parts of South Africa are prone to drought. The agricultural sector in South Africa experiences multiple stre…
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"The sustainable development strategies of the Tanzanian government’s National Development Vision 2025 emphasize agriculture and food security as the keys to poverty alleviation. Maize is the country’s most important staple, followed by sorghum, ric…
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"The agricultural sector employs approximately 70 percent of Togo’s workforce and accounts for 38 percent of the country’s GDP. The sector is dominated by small-scale, rainfed farming of millet, sorghum, maize, and rice. Life expectancy rose from 45…
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"Uganda occupies a total area of 241,038 square km, most of which is suitable for agriculture. Sixteen percent of the total area is water and swamps, while 7 percent is forested. Maize, beans, cassava, and banana (plantain) are the most widely grown…
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"Zambia’s climate is characterized by a dry period, which runs from May to October, and a wet period that runs from November to April. Because most of the country’s agriculture is rainfed, rainfall variability poses challenges for food security and …
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