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"In this paper we discuss both climate change and climate variability, so it is important to clarify the distinction between the two. Climate variability can be thought of as the way climatic variables (such as temperature and precipitation) depart …
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"As the 21st century begins, South Africa faces important challenges in its energy development path. On the one hand, the challenges of development are urgent. Basic services need to be provided to large parts of the population, notably black peopl…
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"This paper considers the alignment of energy policy in South Africa with the Cabinet’s mitigation vision of a ‘peak, plateau and decline’ greenhouse gas emissions trajectory to 2050. First, the term ‘policy’ is defined as having a number of compone…
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"Climate change increases the likelihood of extreme weather events such as droughts, floods and heat waves, as well as more gradual changes in temperature and precipitation. The city of Cape Town (South Africa) is at risk from projected climate-indu…
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"This article has sought to build on Yohe’s seminal piece on mitigative capacity, which elaborates ‘determinants’ of mitigative capacity, also reflected in the IPCC’s third assessment. We propose a revised definition, where mitigative capacity is a…
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"This article takes stock of current knowledge of climate change and the response to this major problem affecting the environment and economic development. It begins with a brief review of climate change science and impacts as assessed by the Inter…
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"Climate change is a global problem requiring the cooperation of all countries in order to be addressed effectively. This article outlines and proposes a pledge by developing countries to implement sustainable development policies and measures (here…
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"International climate policy is at a crossroads. The entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol marked an important step in international climate policy. At the same time, there is a lively debate on options for the mid- and long-term development of th…
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"Sustainable development policies and measures (SD-PAMs) are an approach to stimulating action on climate change mitigation in developing countries. Instead of starting from explicit climate targets, the approach deliberately sets out to start from…
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"Climate change mitigation poses significant challenges for South Africa and its energy development, historically highly energy intensive. At the same time, the country faces a host of daunting development challenges, exacerbated by the legacy of …
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"Why might South Africa consider a carbon tax? The purpose would be to reduce greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions. A carbon tax would achieve this through two broad effects – a demand effect, reducing energy demand due to higher prices, and a substitution…
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"This chapter has outlined several ideas and parameters for formalizing SD-PAMs in the context of the broader evolution of the climate change regime. A number of elements are likely to required, including definition of eligible types of SD-PAMs, as…
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"South Africa, a developing country with an energy economy dominated by coal, has potential for carbon capture and storage (CCS). Given its strong commitment to sustainable development, the country may want tounderstand the implications of this clim…
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"The papers in this proceedings address a variety of themes in this area: emissions trading, carbon taxes, fiscal and non-fiscal instruments, policy and institutional dimensions, and lessons from the Clean Development Mechanism. There has been ext…
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"South Africa is an active participant in the international process of combating climate change and regulating the emissions of greenhouse gases. We are signatories to the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change as well as the Kyoto Pr…
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"This paper presents a case study of human development and climate change in South Africa. It starts by outlining the key development challenges that the country faces and the history of recent responses in development policy. Section 2 hones in on …
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"The general trend of disasters in coastal cities has been towards an ever-increasing frequency of floods, which have claimed not only human lives, but also property and infrastructure. The city of Dar es Salaam has not been spared from these catast…
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"Climate change is increasingly seen as not only an environmental issue, but a deeply economic one. ‘Climate change presents a unique challenge for economics: it is the greatest and widest ranging market failure ever seen’. Markets are failing to pu…
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"The South African economy derives much of its growth from production related to the energy intensive sectors of its economy. As a non-Annex-I country, South Africa has no binding commitment to reduce its greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions by a quantifiab…
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"Three-fourths of Niger is covered by the Sahara desert. The rainy season lasts only three months, with total rainfall of 150–600 mm per year. Maximum temperatures are high (450C in the shade in April–May). Livestock production is a major component …
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