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"This paper summarises what is known about South Africa’s public expenditure trends in respect of small-scale farmers, and discusses the growing contradictions between the policy priority placed on small-scale farming and the adequacy of support pro…
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"The Democratic Republic of the Congo, located in the south central part of Africa, is the continent’s second-largest country. Forests blanket its northern region, while savannah covers the south. The main staple crops are cassava, maize, groundnuts…
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"Located in the Horn of Africa, Eritrea has a long coastline on the Red Sea. The country has varied topography, rainfall, and climate, with altitude ranging from 60 to more than 3,000 meters above sea level. Agriculture is still an important sector …
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"The main crops in Ethiopia are teff, maize, and wheat. The combined effect of declining child mortality and increasing life expectancy has produced an overall population increase, putting additional pressure on the land to meet food requirements. M…
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"The agricultural sector in Ghana is mostly rainfed and includes crops, livestock, and fisheries. More than half the country’s workers are employed in agriculture. Cocoa remains the single most important cash crop in Ghana, while the two most import…
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"Guinea has a tropical climate with two alternating seasons, a November–March dry season and an April–October rainy season. In general, rainfall increases from north to south. Average annual rainfall is 1,988 mm. Rice is the staple crop, and other i…
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"Kenya is an ecologically diverse nation located on the Indian Ocean in eastern Africa. Most of the land is classified as arid or semi-arid, yet at higher elevations lush montane forests are found. Kenya is home to the second-highest peak in Africa,…
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"Lesotho lies on the plateau of the southern African subcontinent. Variations in topography and micro-climate shape the country’s ecological zones—the lowlands, the foothills, the highlands, and the Senqu River Valley. Annual precipitation is highly…
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"Agricultural production in Liberia is based primarily on rainfed farming, with an April–November rainy season. Rice and cassava are the first and second staple food crops, while rubber is the major cash crop. Life expectancy increased slightly betw…
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"Madagascar is an island in the southwestern Indian Ocean off the coast of Mozambique. The topography of the country is varied and uneven, with some regions dominated by plains and plateaus extending into vast delta areas. Only about 5 percent of th…
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"Malawi’s tropical continental climate is moderated by the effects of Lake Malawi and by the country’s high altitudes and proximity to the influence of westerly frontal systems that move eastward around the South African coast. The mean annual rainf…
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"The improved performance of the agricultural sector in Africa south of the Sahara during the most recent decade (2000–2010) has raised questions about the drivers behind the growth. Skeptics argue that rising commodity prices, as world markets expe…
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"Inorganic fertilizer is one of a handful of agricultural technologies that have immense potential for raising the productivity of poor smallholders, enabling them to increase income, accumulate assets, and set themselves economically on a pathway o…
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"Inorganic fertilizer is one of a handful of agricultural technologies that have immense potential for raising the productivity of poor smallholders, enabling them to increase income, accumulate assets, and set themselves economically on a pathway o…
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"Malaria is one of the top five causes of death worldwide, and roughly half the world’s population lives at risk of the disease. This health problem disproportionately affects the poor, particularly those in Africa south of the Sahara, where the dis…
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"The effective management of municipal commonage can contribute to land reform, food security, local economic development and sustainable natural resource use. Commonage land is, in many towns, the only natural resource available to poor communities…
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"Land reform is a key part of government policy, spurred politically by the claims of the landless, as well as the land reform pressures in countries like Zimbabwe. It is clear to national and provincial governments that land reform should be spe…
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"Three-fourths of Niger is covered by the Sahara desert. The rainy season lasts only three months, with total rainfall of 150–600 mm per year. Maximum temperatures are high (450C in the shade in April–May). Livestock production is a major component …
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"About half of the working population in Nigeria is engaged in agriculture. Cassava is the most important food crop. Other major food crops include yam, sorghum, and maize. The share that agriculture contributes to GDP has declined from about 50 per…
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"The agricultural sector employs 77 percent of Senegal’s workforce. Rice is the country’s staple crop, but millet is the most widely grown crop, largely because of low rainfall in most of the country. The severe drought in the late 1960's and early …
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