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One of the defining features of Canada’s role in the world, both for Canadians and the international community, has been our unflagging support for United Nations peacekeeping. Up until the beginning of this decade, when the number of intrastate c...
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It must appear to much of the world that Somalia has ceased to exist. All diplomatic missions there have been closed and Somalia’s seat at the United Nations lies empty. Although limited UN aid programmes are operating, bilateral donors have la...
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Nearly four years after 9/11, hardly a day passes without the "war on terrorism" making headlines, with Iraq, Afghanistan, Indonesia and now London holding centre stage. But away from the spotlight, a quiet, dirty conflict is being waged in Somali...
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Recent developments have made the choice faced by the international community considerably clearer: develop pragmatic responses to Somaliland's demand for self-determination or continue to insist upon the increasingly abstract notion of the unity ...
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Nearly four years after 9/11, hardly a day passes without the "war on terrorism" making headlines, with Iraq, Afghanistan, Indonesia and now London holding centre stage. But away from the spotlight, a quiet, dirty conflict is being waged in Somali...
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Somalia has been drifting toward a new war since the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was formed in late 2004 but the trend has recently accelerated dramatically. The stand-off between the TFG and its Ethiopian ally on the one hand, and t...
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On 18 May 2006, the self-declared Republic of Somaliland marked fifteen years since it proclaimed independence from Somalia. Although its sovereignty is still unrecognised by any country, the fact that it is a functioning constitutional democracy ...
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Somalia’s Islamic Courts fell even more dramatically than they rose. In little more than a week in December 2006, Ethiopian and Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG) forces killed hundreds of Islamist fighters and scattered the rest in a li...
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Somalia’s long civil conflict and lack of central governing institutions present an international security challenge. Terrorists have taken advantage of the state’s collapse to attack neighbouring countries and transit agents and materiel. The cou...
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Excerpt: "The semi-autonomous north-eastern Somali region of Puntland, once touted as a success of the 'building blocks' approach to reestablishing national stability and widely viewed as one of the most prosperous parts of Somalia, is experienci...
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Excerpt: "Since 1991 Somalia has been the archetypal failed state. Several attempts to create a transitional set-up have failed, and the current one is on the brink of collapse, overtaken yet again by an Islamist insurgency, despite the support of...
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"The stalled electoral process has plunged Somaliland into a serious political crisis that presents yet another risk of destabilisation for the region. If its hard-won political stability collapses under the strain of brinkmanship and intransigenc...
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"This Paper attempts to explain the historical, political and economic framework within which the states operate in the Horn of Africa, to identify Superpower involvement there and to shed some light on the region's refugee and other problems. It...
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This brief report describes the conflict in Somalia, which originates in the fact that General Mohammed Farah Aidid do not recognise Ali Mahdi as the interim president, leading to armed conflict. During the Cold War, the US and the USSR viewed Som...
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"The main theme of this paper centres on the paradoxical state of affairs in which on the one hand the nature and dynamics of the conflict continue to change and the insecurity deepens and on the other hand the policy options remain limited. Where...
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"Through successive clan conferences, Somaliland established relatively viable institutions which paved the path for reconstruction of an entity mainly employing local resources. Somaliland has thus been depicted as ‘an oasis of stability in an o...
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"The conflict in Sudan is not a sudden and inexplicable eruption, but rather a result of the interplay of a multiple of historical, social and political processes that has shaped the political and socio-economic structure of Somalia. To adequately...
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"The Somalia arms embargo was imposed in January 1992 by Security Council Resolution 733(1992) primarily to restrict the delivery of all weapons and military equipment into Somali territory as a way of impacting on the worsening security situation...
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"This paper reviews and assesses the past eighteen years of external mediation efforts aimed at ending Somalia’s protracted civil war and reviving a central government. It identifies lessons learned, summarizes ongoing debates about the most appr...
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"This report examines the traditional justice systems in Somalia, including xeer and shari'a, with a view to providing the international community with recommendations on how best to engage with those systems to assist the justice sector in that c...
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