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Bringing peace to West Africa: Liberia and Sierra Leone

"This paper discusses the tortured peace processes in the West African states of Liberia and Sierra Leone, delineating lessons learnt from the complicated and prolonged diplomacy and external military interventions that characterised these efforts. …

Beyond the numbers: Women’s Participation in the Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation

"Since the end of the Cold War, much international attention has focused on identifying which factors within a mediation process contribute to sustainable peace. Research by academics and practitioners alike has identified several important areas. …

Mediation efforts in Somalia

"This paper reviews and assesses the past eighteen years of external mediation efforts aimed at ending Somalia’s protracted civil war and reviving a central government. It identifies lessons learned, summarizes ongoing debates about the most approp…

Under the Acacia: Mediation and the dilemma of inclusion

"Fostering peace through mediation involves a number of complex and important challenges. A key aspect of any mediation process is the inclusion of primary and secondary actors. This paper examines indigenous approaches to mediation and assesses how…

China’s role in the mediation and resolution of conflict in Africa

"The salience of China in relation to Darfur has generated a paradox in popular perceptions whereby China is seen as both the cause and the potential solution to an armed conflict. Such a black-and-white view may make effective ammunition for advoca…

The challenge of building sustainable peace in the DRC

"Over the last ten years, the Democratic Republic of Congo has witnessed an extraordinary number of attempts by both regional and international actors to solve what is considered Africa's largest conflict. As we are about to celebrate the tenth anni…

Negotiating peace in Liberia: Preserving the possibility for Justice

"A case study which provides in-depth examination on how specific justice issues came to be included and potentially excluded in the Accra peace accord, which was the foundation of the current peace process."

Negotiating peace in Sierra Leone: Confronting the justice challenge

"How specific justice issues came to be included in and potentially excluded from the 1999 Lomé Peace Accord. In addition to closely studying the negotiations dynamics and influences that led to the final agreement, this case study examines how just…

Mediation efforts in Africa’s Great Lakes Region

"This paper reviews the mediation experiences by presenting a chronology that starts from Kenyan President Daniel Arap Moi's intervention in Uganda's civil war in 1985 and ends with Botswana's former President Ketumile Masire's mediation of the conf…

The Negotiation of Security Issues in the Burundi Peace Talks

"Negotiating Disarmament explores issues surrounding the planning, timing and techniques of a range of security issues: violence reduction, weapons control, disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration activities and justice and security sector t…

The Negotiation of Security Issues in Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace Agreement

"This report focuses on how the Comprehensive Peace Agreement which ended the second Sudanese civil war in January 2005, deals with issues of guns and violence. It outlines how the parties' lack of trust led to a deliberate avoidance of commitments …

Mediating Election-Related Conflicts

"Beyond major conflicts in Africa over the territorial integrity of states such as Sudan and Somalia, many recent conflicts on the continent are ignited by grievances over bad governance and exclusionary political practices. In many cases, flawed or…

African Mediators’ Retreat 2009

"This publication is a meeting report on the African Mediators' Retreat 2009, which took place on 24-27 March in Zanzibar. The retreat was co-hosted by the HD Centre and the Mwalimu Nyerere Foundation."

The AU and the search for Peace and Reconciliation in Burundi and Comoros

"This report highlights the AU’s role in deploying and supporting these mechanisms. At the beginning of both efforts, the OAU/AU faced tremendous difficulties in implementing its policy due to its administrative and logistical weaknesses. However, a…

Oslo Forum 2018: The End of the Big Peace? Opportunities for Mediation

This year’s overarching theme was The end of the Big Peace? Opportunities for mediation. Given increasingly atomised and internationalised conflicts in places such as Syria, Yemen and Libya, participants reflected on whether we are seeing the end o…

Monitoring Ceasefires is getting Harder: Greater Innovation is Required

This essay proposes three practical possibilities, relevant to consider at both design and negotiation phases of a peace process, and during its implementation, to reshape, complement and strengthen, existing practice. These are: • to apply lesson…

Oslo Forum 2017: Peacemaking in a New Era of Geopolitics

The fifteenth Oslo Forum convened one hundred of the world’s leading peacemakers, conflict actors, decision-makers and academics, bringing together people with forty-two different nationalities. The Forum’s overarching theme was Peacemaking in a ne…

From the Nakuru County Peace accord (2010-2012) to Lasting Peace

"The case study examines the post-election violence of 2007-2008 within a wider historical context of ethnic-based conflict. It reveals the critical role of four groups – male Elders from the Gikuyu and the Kalenjin communities, the National Cohesi…

Ending War in Africa: The Power of Dialogue

"Economic and political advancement doesn’t happen in a vacuum. It requires stability - that pivotal ingredient whose absence held Africa back for so long. When there is good governance, there is less war, and positive things generally follow – deve…

Oslo Forum 2019: Rebooting Mediation: Connecting Tracks, Processes and People

The seventeenth Oslo Forum brought together about 120 of the world’s leading peacemakers, decision-makers, conflict actors and academics, gathering people of 48 nationalities. This year’s overarching theme was Rebooting mediation: connecting tracks,…

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